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Nepali Alphabet (वर्णमाला)

All 11 vowels and 33 consonants of the Nepali varnamala, with how each one is written in English letters, and the barhakhari chart.

Letters of the Nepali alphabet

Vowels (11)

  • अa
  • आā
  • इi
  • ईī
  • उu
  • ऊū
  • ऋr̥
  • एe
  • ऐai
  • ओo
  • औau

Anusvara and visarga (2)

  • अंaṁ
  • अःaḥ

Consonants (25)

  • कka
  • खkha
  • गga
  • घgha
  • ङṅa
  • चca
  • छcha
  • जja
  • झjha
  • ञña
  • टṭa
  • ठṭha
  • डḍa
  • ढḍha
  • णṇa
  • तta
  • थtha
  • दda
  • धdha
  • नna
  • पpa
  • फpha
  • बba
  • भbha
  • मma

More consonants (8)

  • यya
  • रra
  • लla
  • वva
  • शśa
  • षṣa
  • सsa
  • हha

Conjunct consonants (3)

  • क्षkṣa
  • त्रtra
  • ज्ञjña

Nepali Barhakhari (बाह्रखरी)

Each row is one consonant written with every vowel sign, from क to कः. Read across a row to hear how the vowel changes the syllable.

Consonantअaआāइiईīउuऊūएeऐaiओoऔauअंaṁअःaḥ
ककkaकाkāकिkiकीkīकुkuकूkūकेkeकैkaiकोkoकौkauकंkaṁकःkaḥ
खखkhaखाkhāखिkhiखीkhīखुkhuखूkhūखेkheखैkhaiखोkhoखौkhauखंkhaṁखःkhaḥ
गगgaगाgāगिgiगीgīगुguगूgūगेgeगैgaiगोgoगौgauगंgaṁगःgaḥ
घघghaघाghāघिghiघीghīघुghuघूghūघेgheघैghaiघोghoघौghauघंghaṁघःghaḥ
ङङṅaङाṅāङिṅiङीṅīङुṅuङूṅūङेṅeङैṅaiङोṅoङौṅauङंṅaṁङःṅaḥ
चचcaचाcāचिciचीcīचुcuचूcūचेceचैcaiचोcoचौcauचंcaṁचःcaḥ
छछchaछाchāछिchiछीchīछुchuछूchūछेcheछैchaiछोchoछौchauछंchaṁछःchaḥ
जजjaजाjāजिjiजीjīजुjuजूjūजेjeजैjaiजोjoजौjauजंjaṁजःjaḥ
झझjhaझाjhāझिjhiझीjhīझुjhuझूjhūझेjheझैjhaiझोjhoझौjhauझंjhaṁझःjhaḥ
ञञñaञाñāञिñiञीñīञुñuञूñūञेñeञैñaiञोñoञौñauञंñaṁञःñaḥ
टटṭaटाṭāटिṭiटीṭīटुṭuटूṭūटेṭeटैṭaiटोṭoटौṭauटंṭaṁटःṭaḥ
ठठṭhaठाṭhāठिṭhiठीṭhīठुṭhuठूṭhūठेṭheठैṭhaiठोṭhoठौṭhauठंṭhaṁठःṭhaḥ
डडḍaडाḍāडिḍiडीḍīडुḍuडूḍūडेḍeडैḍaiडोḍoडौḍauडंḍaṁडःḍaḥ
ढढḍhaढाḍhāढिḍhiढीḍhīढुḍhuढूḍhūढेḍheढैḍhaiढोḍhoढौḍhauढंḍhaṁढःḍhaḥ
णणṇaणाṇāणिṇiणीṇīणुṇuणूṇūणेṇeणैṇaiणोṇoणौṇauणंṇaṁणःṇaḥ
ततtaताtāतिtiतीtīतुtuतूtūतेteतैtaiतोtoतौtauतंtaṁतःtaḥ
थथthaथाthāथिthiथीthīथुthuथूthūथेtheथैthaiथोthoथौthauथंthaṁथःthaḥ
ददdaदाdāदिdiदीdīदुduदूdūदेdeदैdaiदोdoदौdauदंdaṁदःdaḥ
धधdhaधाdhāधिdhiधीdhīधुdhuधूdhūधेdheधैdhaiधोdhoधौdhauधंdhaṁधःdhaḥ
ननnaनाnāनिniनीnīनुnuनूnūनेneनैnaiनोnoनौnauनंnaṁनःnaḥ
पपpaपाpāपिpiपीpīपुpuपूpūपेpeपैpaiपोpoपौpauपंpaṁपःpaḥ
फफphaफाphāफिphiफीphīफुphuफूphūफेpheफैphaiफोphoफौphauफंphaṁफःphaḥ
बबbaबाbāबिbiबीbīबुbuबूbūबेbeबैbaiबोboबौbauबंbaṁबःbaḥ
भभbhaभाbhāभिbhiभीbhīभुbhuभूbhūभेbheभैbhaiभोbhoभौbhauभंbhaṁभःbhaḥ
ममmaमाmāमिmiमीmīमुmuमूmūमेmeमैmaiमोmoमौmauमंmaṁमःmaḥ
ययyaयाyāयिyiयीyīयुyuयूyūयेyeयैyaiयोyoयौyauयंyaṁयःyaḥ
ररraराrāरिriरीrīरुruरूrūरेreरैraiरोroरौrauरंraṁरःraḥ
ललlaलाlāलिliलीlīलुluलूlūलेleलैlaiलोloलौlauलंlaṁलःlaḥ
ववvaवाvāविviवीvīवुvuवूvūवेveवैvaiवोvoवौvauवंvaṁवःvaḥ
शशśaशाśāशिśiशीśīशुśuशूśūशेśeशैśaiशोśoशौśauशंśaṁशःśaḥ
षषṣaषाṣāषिṣiषीṣīषुṣuषूṣūषेṣeषैṣaiषोṣoषौṣauषंṣaṁषःṣaḥ
ससsaसाsāसिsiसीsīसुsuसूsūसेseसैsaiसोsoसौsauसंsaṁसःsaḥ
हहhaहाhāहिhiहीhīहुhuहूhūहेheहैhaiहोhoहौhauहंhaṁहःhaḥ

Type Nepali letters without a Nepali keyboard

You do not need to learn a new keyboard to write these letters. In the Nepali typing editor, type words the way they sound in English: "namaste" becomes नमस्ते.

Nepali alphabet: common questions

How many letters are in the Nepali alphabet?

This chart shows 11 vowels, 33 consonants and 5 other letters and signs, such as anusvara, visarga and common conjuncts. Textbooks give different totals because some count those extra letters and signs and some do not.

What is Nepali barhakhari?

It is the chart of every consonant written with every vowel sign, one row per consonant: क, का, कि, की, कु and so on. Learning it row by row is how most children learn to read Nepali.

How do I type Nepali letters on an English keyboard?

Use our free Nepali typing editor: type the word as it sounds in English and it turns into Devanagari script when you press space. For example, "namaste" becomes नमस्ते. No Nepali keyboard or software is needed.

What are the English letters under each letter?

They are the ISO 15919 romanisation, the standard way to write Indian scripts in English letters. Dots and lines mark sounds that plain English letters cannot tell apart: ṭa and ḍa are said with the tongue curled back, ā and ī are long vowels, and ṁ is the nasal anusvara.