Malayalam Alphabet (അക്ഷരമാല)
All 13 vowels and 36 consonants of the Malayalam aksharamala, with how each one is written in English letters, and the barakhadi chart.
Letters of the Malayalam alphabet
Vowels (13)
- അa
- ആā
- ഇi
- ഈī
- ഉu
- ഊū
- ഋr̥
- എe
- ഏē
- ഐai
- ഒo
- ഓō
- ഔau
Anusvara and visarga (2)
- അംaṁ
- അഃaḥ
Consonants (25)
- കka
- ഖkha
- ഗga
- ഘgha
- ങṅa
- ചca
- ഛcha
- ജja
- ഝjha
- ഞña
- ടṭa
- ഠṭha
- ഡḍa
- ഢḍha
- ണṇa
- തta
- ഥtha
- ദda
- ധdha
- നna
- പpa
- ഫpha
- ബba
- ഭbha
- മma
More consonants (11)
- യya
- രra
- ലla
- വva
- ശśa
- ഷṣa
- സsa
- ഹha
- ളḷa
- ഴḻa
- റṟa
Chillu letters (5)
- ൺṇ
- ൻn
- ർr
- ൽl
- ൾḷ
Malayalam Barakhadi
Each row is one consonant written with every vowel sign, from ക to കഃ. Read across a row to hear how the vowel changes the syllable.
| Consonant | അa | ആā | ഇi | ഈī | ഉu | ഊū | ഋr̥ | എe | ഏē | ഐai | ഒo | ഓō | ഔau | അംaṁ | അഃaḥ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ക | കka | കാkā | കിki | കീkī | കുku | കൂkū | കൃkr̥ | കെke | കേkē | കൈkai | കൊko | കോkō | കൗkau | കംkaṁ | കഃkaḥ |
| ഖ | ഖkha | ഖാkhā | ഖിkhi | ഖീkhī | ഖുkhu | ഖൂkhū | ഖൃkhr̥ | ഖെkhe | ഖേkhē | ഖൈkhai | ഖൊkho | ഖോkhō | ഖൗkhau | ഖംkhaṁ | ഖഃkhaḥ |
| ഗ | ഗga | ഗാgā | ഗിgi | ഗീgī | ഗുgu | ഗൂgū | ഗൃgr̥ | ഗെge | ഗേgē | ഗൈgai | ഗൊgo | ഗോgō | ഗൗgau | ഗംgaṁ | ഗഃgaḥ |
| ഘ | ഘgha | ഘാghā | ഘിghi | ഘീghī | ഘുghu | ഘൂghū | ഘൃghr̥ | ഘെghe | ഘേghē | ഘൈghai | ഘൊgho | ഘോghō | ഘൗghau | ഘംghaṁ | ഘഃghaḥ |
| ങ | ങṅa | ങാṅā | ങിṅi | ങീṅī | ങുṅu | ങൂṅū | ങൃṅr̥ | ങെṅe | ങേṅē | ങൈṅai | ങൊṅo | ങോṅō | ങൗṅau | ങംṅaṁ | ങഃṅaḥ |
| ച | ചca | ചാcā | ചിci | ചീcī | ചുcu | ചൂcū | ചൃcr̥ | ചെce | ചേcē | ചൈcai | ചൊco | ചോcō | ചൗcau | ചംcaṁ | ചഃcaḥ |
| ഛ | ഛcha | ഛാchā | ഛിchi | ഛീchī | ഛുchu | ഛൂchū | ഛൃchr̥ | ഛെche | ഛേchē | ഛൈchai | ഛൊcho | ഛോchō | ഛൗchau | ഛംchaṁ | ഛഃchaḥ |
| ജ | ജja | ജാjā | ജിji | ജീjī | ജുju | ജൂjū | ജൃjr̥ | ജെje | ജേjē | ജൈjai | ജൊjo | ജോjō | ജൗjau | ജംjaṁ | ജഃjaḥ |
| ഝ | ഝjha | ഝാjhā | ഝിjhi | ഝീjhī | ഝുjhu | ഝൂjhū | ഝൃjhr̥ | ഝെjhe | ഝേjhē | ഝൈjhai | ഝൊjho | ഝോjhō | ഝൗjhau | ഝംjhaṁ | ഝഃjhaḥ |
| ഞ | ഞña | ഞാñā | ഞിñi | ഞീñī | ഞുñu | ഞൂñū | ഞൃñr̥ | ഞെñe | ഞേñē | ഞൈñai | ഞൊño | ഞോñō | ഞൗñau | ഞംñaṁ | ഞഃñaḥ |
| ട | ടṭa | ടാṭā | ടിṭi | ടീṭī | ടുṭu | ടൂṭū | ടൃṭr̥ | ടെṭe | ടേṭē | ടൈṭai | ടൊṭo | ടോṭō | ടൗṭau | ടംṭaṁ | ടഃṭaḥ |
| ഠ | ഠṭha | ഠാṭhā | ഠിṭhi | ഠീṭhī | ഠുṭhu | ഠൂṭhū | ഠൃṭhr̥ | ഠെṭhe | ഠേṭhē | ഠൈṭhai | ഠൊṭho | ഠോṭhō | ഠൗṭhau | ഠംṭhaṁ | ഠഃṭhaḥ |
| ഡ | ഡḍa | ഡാḍā | ഡിḍi | ഡീḍī | ഡുḍu | ഡൂḍū | ഡൃḍr̥ | ഡെḍe | ഡേḍē | ഡൈḍai | ഡൊḍo | ഡോḍō | ഡൗḍau | ഡംḍaṁ | ഡഃḍaḥ |
| ഢ | ഢḍha | ഢാḍhā | ഢിḍhi | ഢീḍhī | ഢുḍhu | ഢൂḍhū | ഢൃḍhr̥ | ഢെḍhe | ഢേḍhē | ഢൈḍhai | ഢൊḍho | ഢോḍhō | ഢൗḍhau | ഢംḍhaṁ | ഢഃḍhaḥ |
| ണ | ണṇa | ണാṇā | ണിṇi | ണീṇī | ണുṇu | ണൂṇū | ണൃṇr̥ | ണെṇe | ണേṇē | ണൈṇai | ണൊṇo | ണോṇō | ണൗṇau | ണംṇaṁ | ണഃṇaḥ |
| ത | തta | താtā | തിti | തീtī | തുtu | തൂtū | തൃtr̥ | തെte | തേtē | തൈtai | തൊto | തോtō | തൗtau | തംtaṁ | തഃtaḥ |
| ഥ | ഥtha | ഥാthā | ഥിthi | ഥീthī | ഥുthu | ഥൂthū | ഥൃthr̥ | ഥെthe | ഥേthē | ഥൈthai | ഥൊtho | ഥോthō | ഥൗthau | ഥംthaṁ | ഥഃthaḥ |
| ദ | ദda | ദാdā | ദിdi | ദീdī | ദുdu | ദൂdū | ദൃdr̥ | ദെde | ദേdē | ദൈdai | ദൊdo | ദോdō | ദൗdau | ദംdaṁ | ദഃdaḥ |
| ധ | ധdha | ധാdhā | ധിdhi | ധീdhī | ധുdhu | ധൂdhū | ധൃdhr̥ | ധെdhe | ധേdhē | ധൈdhai | ധൊdho | ധോdhō | ധൗdhau | ധംdhaṁ | ധഃdhaḥ |
| ന | നna | നാnā | നിni | നീnī | നുnu | നൂnū | നൃnr̥ | നെne | നേnē | നൈnai | നൊno | നോnō | നൗnau | നംnaṁ | നഃnaḥ |
| പ | പpa | പാpā | പിpi | പീpī | പുpu | പൂpū | പൃpr̥ | പെpe | പേpē | പൈpai | പൊpo | പോpō | പൗpau | പംpaṁ | പഃpaḥ |
| ഫ | ഫpha | ഫാphā | ഫിphi | ഫീphī | ഫുphu | ഫൂphū | ഫൃphr̥ | ഫെphe | ഫേphē | ഫൈphai | ഫൊpho | ഫോphō | ഫൗphau | ഫംphaṁ | ഫഃphaḥ |
| ബ | ബba | ബാbā | ബിbi | ബീbī | ബുbu | ബൂbū | ബൃbr̥ | ബെbe | ബേbē | ബൈbai | ബൊbo | ബോbō | ബൗbau | ബംbaṁ | ബഃbaḥ |
| ഭ | ഭbha | ഭാbhā | ഭിbhi | ഭീbhī | ഭുbhu | ഭൂbhū | ഭൃbhr̥ | ഭെbhe | ഭേbhē | ഭൈbhai | ഭൊbho | ഭോbhō | ഭൗbhau | ഭംbhaṁ | ഭഃbhaḥ |
| മ | മma | മാmā | മിmi | മീmī | മുmu | മൂmū | മൃmr̥ | മെme | മേmē | മൈmai | മൊmo | മോmō | മൗmau | മംmaṁ | മഃmaḥ |
| യ | യya | യാyā | യിyi | യീyī | യുyu | യൂyū | യൃyr̥ | യെye | യേyē | യൈyai | യൊyo | യോyō | യൗyau | യംyaṁ | യഃyaḥ |
| ര | രra | രാrā | രിri | രീrī | രുru | രൂrū | രൃrr̥ | രെre | രേrē | രൈrai | രൊro | രോrō | രൗrau | രംraṁ | രഃraḥ |
| ല | ലla | ലാlā | ലിli | ലീlī | ലുlu | ലൂlū | ലൃlr̥ | ലെle | ലേlē | ലൈlai | ലൊlo | ലോlō | ലൗlau | ലംlaṁ | ലഃlaḥ |
| വ | വva | വാvā | വിvi | വീvī | വുvu | വൂvū | വൃvr̥ | വെve | വേvē | വൈvai | വൊvo | വോvō | വൗvau | വംvaṁ | വഃvaḥ |
| ശ | ശśa | ശാśā | ശിśi | ശീśī | ശുśu | ശൂśū | ശൃśr̥ | ശെśe | ശേśē | ശൈśai | ശൊśo | ശോśō | ശൗśau | ശംśaṁ | ശഃśaḥ |
| ഷ | ഷṣa | ഷാṣā | ഷിṣi | ഷീṣī | ഷുṣu | ഷൂṣū | ഷൃṣr̥ | ഷെṣe | ഷേṣē | ഷൈṣai | ഷൊṣo | ഷോṣō | ഷൗṣau | ഷംṣaṁ | ഷഃṣaḥ |
| സ | സsa | സാsā | സിsi | സീsī | സുsu | സൂsū | സൃsr̥ | സെse | സേsē | സൈsai | സൊso | സോsō | സൗsau | സംsaṁ | സഃsaḥ |
| ഹ | ഹha | ഹാhā | ഹിhi | ഹീhī | ഹുhu | ഹൂhū | ഹൃhr̥ | ഹെhe | ഹേhē | ഹൈhai | ഹൊho | ഹോhō | ഹൗhau | ഹംhaṁ | ഹഃhaḥ |
| ള | ളḷa | ളാḷā | ളിḷi | ളീḷī | ളുḷu | ളൂḷū | ളൃḷr̥ | ളെḷe | ളേḷē | ളൈḷai | ളൊḷo | ളോḷō | ളൗḷau | ളംḷaṁ | ളഃḷaḥ |
| ഴ | ഴḻa | ഴാḻā | ഴിḻi | ഴീḻī | ഴുḻu | ഴൂḻū | ഴൃḻr̥ | ഴെḻe | ഴേḻē | ഴൈḻai | ഴൊḻo | ഴോḻō | ഴൗḻau | ഴംḻaṁ | ഴഃḻaḥ |
| റ | റṟa | റാṟā | റിṟi | റീṟī | റുṟu | റൂṟū | റൃṟr̥ | റെṟe | റേṟē | റൈṟai | റൊṟo | റോṟō | റൗṟau | റംṟaṁ | റഃṟaḥ |
Type Malayalam letters without a Malayalam keyboard
You do not need to learn a new keyboard to write these letters. In the Malayalam typing editor, type words the way they sound in English: "namaskaram" becomes നമസ്കാരം.
Malayalam alphabet: common questions
How many letters are in the Malayalam alphabet?
This chart shows 13 vowels, 36 consonants and 7 other letters and signs, such as anusvara, visarga and common conjuncts. Textbooks give different totals because some count those extra letters and signs and some do not.
What is Malayalam barakhadi?
It is the chart of every consonant written with every vowel sign, one row per consonant: ക, കാ, കി, കീ, കു and so on. Learning it row by row is how most children learn to read Malayalam.
How do I type Malayalam letters on an English keyboard?
Use our free Malayalam typing editor: type the word as it sounds in English and it turns into Malayalam script when you press space. For example, "namaskaram" becomes നമസ്കാരം. No Malayalam keyboard or software is needed.
What are the English letters under each letter?
They are the ISO 15919 romanisation, the standard way to write Indian scripts in English letters. Dots and lines mark sounds that plain English letters cannot tell apart: ṭa and ḍa are said with the tongue curled back, ā and ī are long vowels, and ṁ is the nasal anusvara.